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Permit Restrictions Checker by State

Last UpdatedOctober 11, 2026State guide facts, source links, and DMV-day reminders are reviewed for learner permit prep.
Source reviewed DMV study guidance Tool instructions and driver-safety study notes reviewed for permit learners.

Check a learner-permit or provisional-license driving situation using the 50-state reference data. Choose your state and license stage, then enter supervision, passengers, and trip details. Read the explanation and follow its official source before relying on an exception. This is an independent planning aid, not permission to drive.

Interactive checker

Can you drive in this situation?

Most learner permit drivers cannot drive alone. Provisional drivers may have night, passenger, highway, phone, or trip-purpose restrictions even after passing the road test.

Answer a few questions about your permit stage, supervision, time of day, passengers, and trip purpose. The checker returns a practical result with a reason, next step, and official state source link.

Quick answer If you are on a learner permit, assume a qualified licensed adult is required unless your official state source clearly says otherwise. If you are on a provisional license, check curfew and passenger limits before driving at night or with friends.
Supervision
Driving situation
Passengers

Supported states

This checker currently supports all 50 state restriction datasets and returns a source-backed planning result for each supported state.

Why some results say Check state rule

Some restrictions depend on region, exact age in months, passenger relationship, documentation, or official exceptions. For those cases, the checker points you back to the state source instead of guessing.

Official-source check

Supported states checked for permit restrictions

Each state result is tied to a DMV, DPS, BMV, DDS, PennDOT, NCDMV, or Secretary of State source. Use this snapshot as a planning layer, then open the source before relying on an exception.

California California supervised practice may be with a parent or guardian, a California-licensed driver age 25 or older, or… For the first 12 months, provisional drivers cannot drive with passengers under 20 unless a qualifying California-licensed adult… Check California DMV - Instruction and Learner's Permits Last checked: August 5, 2026
Texas Texas DPS says a licensed adult age 21 or older must be in the front passenger seat while… Texas provisional drivers may not drive with more than one passenger under 21 who is not a family… Check Texas DPS - Texas Learner's License as a Teen Last checked: August 5, 2026
New York NY DMV says permit holders may not drive unless accompanied by a supervising driver age 21 or older… Passenger limits depend on region and whether a supervising adult is present. Check NY DMV - Learner Permit Restrictions Last checked: August 5, 2026
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania learners need a licensed supervisor age 21 or older, or a licensed parent, guardian, person in loco… For the first 6 months of a junior license, no more than one passenger under 18 who is… Check PennDOT - Young Driver Last checked: October 11, 2026
Illinois Illinois GDL source describes supervised practice with a parent or adult age 21 or older with a valid… For the first 12 months of Illinois licensing, or until age 18 if sooner, only one passenger under… Check Illinois Secretary of State - Graduated Driver's License Last checked: October 11, 2026
Ohio Under 16, the supervisor must be a parent, guardian, custodian, licensed driving instructor, or qualifying in-loco-parentis adult. Ages… Ohio manual states licensed drivers age 16 may not operate with more than one person who is not… Check Ohio BMV - Driver License and ID Cards GDL Last checked: October 11, 2026
Georgia Georgia DDS says a Class C Instructional Permit holder may drive when accompanied by a person at least… First 6 months: only immediate family passengers. Second 6 months: one non-family passenger under 21. After 1 year:… Check Georgia DDS - Teen Drivers Last checked: August 5, 2026
North Carolina NCDMV says the supervisor must be a licensed driver, licensed for five years, seated next to the driver,… When unsupervised, one passenger under 21 who is not a household member is generally allowed, with a school-transport… Check NCDMV - Level 1 Limited Learner Permit Last checked: October 11, 2026
Michigan Michigan SOS FAQ says Level 1 drivers may only drive with a licensed parent, legal guardian, or designated… Michigan Level 2 drivers may carry no more than one passenger under 21, with exceptions for immediate family,… Check Michigan SOS - Drivers Under 18 FAQ Last checked: October 11, 2026
Virginia Virginia allows a licensed driver age 21+ seated beside the permit holder, or age 18+ if the person… Virginia passenger restrictions for teen drivers limit young passengers, with family-member exceptions; verify the exact phase with DMV. Check Virginia DMV - Apply for a Learner's Permit Last checked: August 5, 2026
Washington Washington DOL says permit driving requires a licensed driver with required driving experience in the front passenger seat;… For the first 6 months, Washington intermediate drivers generally may not carry passengers under 20 except immediate family;… Check Washington DOL - Driver License Application Ages 16 to 17 Last checked: August 5, 2026
New Jersey New Jersey requires an adult supervising driver age 21+ with a valid New Jersey license and at least… New Jersey probationary drivers are generally limited to parent(s), guardian(s), dependent(s), and one additional passenger unless accompanied by… Check New Jersey MVC - First Driver License Last checked: August 5, 2026
Massachusetts Massachusetts learner permit driving requires a licensed driver age 21+ with at least one year of driving experience… For the first 6 months of a JOL, Massachusetts restricts passengers under 18 except immediate family unless a… Check Massachusetts RMV - Junior Operator License Requirements Last checked: August 5, 2026
Tennessee Tennessee learner permit driving requires a licensed driver age 21 or older riding in the front seat. Tennessee Intermediate Restricted License drivers may only have one passenger in the vehicle unless an official exception applies. Check Tennessee DOSHS - Teen/Graduated Driver License Last checked: August 5, 2026
Indiana Indiana learner permit supervision can include a licensed instructor, a licensed adult age 25+, or a spouse age… For 180 days after getting a probationary license, Indiana drivers may not drive with passengers unless accompanied by… Check Indiana BMV - Probationary Driver's License Last checked: August 5, 2026
Missouri Missouri instruction permit supervision depends on the permit holder's age; age 16 permit drivers need a valid licensed… Missouri intermediate license passenger limits phase by time licensed; early on, no more than one non-family passenger under… Check Missouri DOR - Graduated Driver License Law Last checked: August 5, 2026
Maryland Maryland learner permit driving requires a qualified supervising driver in the car; MVA practice guidance uses licensed mentors/coaches. For the first 151 days, Maryland provisional drivers under 18 may not drive with passengers under 18 unless… Check Maryland MVA - Learner's Permit Last checked: August 5, 2026
Wisconsin Wisconsin instruction permit supervision depends on relationship: instructor age 19+, parent/guardian/spouse age 19+, or another person age 21+… For the first 9 months, Wisconsin probationary drivers under 18 are limited to one passenger other than immediate… Check Wisconsin DOT - Instruction Permit Last checked: August 5, 2026
Colorado Colorado instruction permit drivers must have a qualified licensed adult, parent/guardian, or instructor supervising from the front passenger… For the first 6 months, Colorado minor drivers may not carry passengers under 21 except immediate family; during… Check Colorado DMV - Permits and First-Time Driver License Last checked: August 5, 2026
Connecticut Connecticut permit driving requires a qualified trainer, such as a parent, legal guardian, driving instructor, or licensed adult… For the first 6 months, Connecticut teen drivers may only carry parents/legal guardians, a qualified trainer, or certain… Check Connecticut DMV - Get a Driver's License for a Teenager Last checked: August 5, 2026
Oregon Oregon instruction permit driving requires a licensed driver age 21 or older seated beside the permit holder. For the first 6 months, Oregon provisional drivers may not carry passengers under 20 except immediate family; during… Check Oregon DMV - Parent Role in Teen Driving Last checked: August 5, 2026
Oklahoma Oklahoma learner permit drivers must be accompanied by a licensed driver at least 21 years old in the… Oklahoma intermediate drivers are limited to one passenger unless passengers live in the driver's home or a licensed… Check Oklahoma.gov - Teen Driving Last checked: August 5, 2026
Utah Utah learner permit driving requires a parent, legal guardian, approved driving instructor, or authorized responsible adult seated beside… For the first 6 months or until age 18, Utah teen drivers may not drive with non-immediate family… Check Utah DLD - Teen Driver Restrictions Last checked: August 5, 2026
Louisiana Louisiana learner permit drivers must be accompanied by a licensed parent, guardian, or adult at least 21 years… Unless accompanied by a licensed adult 21+, Louisiana intermediate drivers may not transport more than one passenger under… Check Louisiana OMV - Permits Last checked: August 5, 2026
Alabama Alabama learner license drivers must be accompanied by a parent, legal guardian, driving instructor, or licensed driver age… Alabama restricted license drivers generally may not have more than one non-family passenger other than a parent, guardian,… Check Alabama ALEA - Driver License Information Last checked: August 5, 2026
Nevada Nevada instruction permit drivers must be accompanied by a licensed driver age 21 or older with at least… For the first 6 months after licensure, Nevada drivers under 18 may not transport passengers under 18 except… Check Nevada DMV - Young Drivers Last checked: August 5, 2026
South Carolina South Carolina beginner's permit drivers must be accompanied by a licensed adult age 21 or older seated beside… South Carolina conditional license drivers cannot have more than two passengers under 21 unless accompanied by a licensed… Check SCDMV - Teenage Drivers Last checked: August 5, 2026
Kentucky Kentucky permit drivers must have a licensed driver age 21 or older seated in the front passenger seat… Kentucky intermediate drivers may not carry more than one unrelated passenger under age 20 unless a qualifying exception… Check Kentucky DRIVE - Graduated Driver Licensing Program Last checked: August 5, 2026
Minnesota Minnesota permit driving requires a licensed supervising driver seated beside the permit holder; parent, guardian, and instructor-specific wording… During the first 6 months, Minnesota provisional drivers generally may carry no more than one passenger under 20;… Check Minnesota DVS - Supervised Driving Log Last checked: August 5, 2026
Iowa Iowa permit driving must be supervised by a qualified licensed adult, parent/guardian, immediate family member, or instructor as… For the first 6 months of an Iowa intermediate license, the default rule generally allows no more than… Check Iowa DOT - Instruction Permit for Under Age 18 Last checked: August 5, 2026
Kansas Kansas instruction permit driving requires a licensed adult age 21 or older seated beside the permit holder. Kansas restricted drivers generally may not carry non-sibling minor passengers during the stricter restricted phase unless an official… Check Kansas DOR - Graduated Driver License Requirements Last checked: August 5, 2026
Arkansas Arkansas learner driving requires a licensed adult supervisor seated beside the permit holder; verify current DFA wording for… Arkansas intermediate drivers generally may not carry more than one unrelated minor passenger unless accompanied by a licensed… Check Arkansas DFA - Learner's and Intermediate License Last checked: August 5, 2026
Mississippi Mississippi permit holders may not drive unsupervised; a qualified licensed adult must supervise from the vehicle. Verify the… Mississippi sources reviewed did not present a clear statewide young-passenger cap in the same way many GDL states… Check Mississippi DPS - Regular Learner's Permit Last checked: August 5, 2026
Nebraska Nebraska supervised-practice certification can be signed by a parent, guardian, or licensed driver who is at least 21. During the first 6 months of a Nebraska POP, the driver may carry no more than one passenger… Check Nebraska DMV - Provisional Operator's Permit Last checked: August 5, 2026
New Mexico New Mexico instructional permit driving requires a licensed adult supervisor. Verify the current MVD wording for parent/guardian and… New Mexico provisional drivers generally may not carry more than one passenger under 21 who is not an… Check New Mexico MVD - Apply for a Learner's Permit Last checked: August 5, 2026
Idaho Idaho supervised driving hours must be with a licensed driver age 21 or older. Idaho young-driver sources reviewed here did not provide a complete post-license passenger-limit table. Verify the current ITD rule… Check Idaho Transportation Department - Young Drivers Last checked: August 5, 2026
West Virginia West Virginia Level 1 drivers must have a licensed driver age 21 or older seated in the front… West Virginia Level II passenger rules are stricter for young non-family passengers; verify the current DMV wording before… Check West Virginia DMV - Driver's Licenses Last checked: August 5, 2026
Delaware During mandatory supervision, Delaware requires a properly licensed parent/guardian or a licensed driver age 25 or older who… After the Level One permit period is completed and a Class D license is issued, verify whether any… Check Delaware DMV - Graduated Driver License Last checked: August 5, 2026
Alaska Alaska permit driving must be supervised by a qualified licensed adult; verify the current DMV manual for exact… Alaska provisional drivers may not carry passengers under age 21 except siblings or a legal guardian unless a… Check Alaska DMV - Provisional License Last checked: August 5, 2026
Hawaii Hawaii instruction permit driving requires a licensed driver age 21 or older, licensed for the same vehicle type,… Hawaii provisional drivers generally may not transport more than one person under age 18 between 11 p.m. and… Check Honolulu CSD - Graduated Driver Licensing Program Last checked: August 5, 2026
Maine Maine learner permit holders must drive with a licensed operator who meets BMV supervision requirements; verify the current… For the first 270 days, Maine intermediate drivers under 18 may not carry passengers other than immediate family… Check Maine BMV - License Age Restrictions Last checked: August 5, 2026
Montana Montana supervised practice must be with a parent, guardian, or licensed adult authorized by the parent/guardian; verify the… For the first 6 months, Montana first-year restricted drivers generally may have no more than one unrelated passenger… Check Montana MVD - Drivers Under 18 Last checked: August 5, 2026
New Hampshire New Hampshire supervised practice requires a licensed driver age 25 or older seated in the front passenger seat. During the first 6 months, New Hampshire youth operators under 18 may not drive with more than one… Check NH DMV - Driver Licensing Requirements for Minors Last checked: August 5, 2026
North Dakota North Dakota permit driving requires a licensed adult supervisor in the front seat; verify current NDDOT wording for… North Dakota restricted-license material focuses on vehicle capacity and age-specific restrictions. Verify current NDDOT wording before carrying young… Check NDDOT - How to Apply for a Learner's Permit Last checked: August 5, 2026
Rhode Island Rhode Island limited instruction permit driving requires a qualified licensed supervising driver; verify current DMV wording for years-licensed… During the first 12 months of a Rhode Island limited provisional license, no more than one passenger younger… Check RI DMV - New License Permits Last checked: August 5, 2026
South Dakota South Dakota instruction permit driving must be supervised by a licensed adult. Verify current Driver Licensing wording for… For the first 6 months of a South Dakota restricted minor permit, no passengers outside the immediate family… Check SD.gov - Instruction Permit Last checked: August 5, 2026
Vermont Vermont learner permit driving requires a licensed parent/guardian, licensed/certified driver education instructor, or licensed unimpaired adult age 25… For the first 3 months of a Vermont junior operator license, only a parent or guardian should ride… Check Vermont Statutes - Junior Operator's License Last checked: August 5, 2026
Wyoming Wyoming learner permit practice should be supervised by a licensed adult. Verify current WYDOT wording for the exact… Wyoming intermediate permit holders generally may not drive with more than one passenger under 18 who is not… Check Wyoming DOT - Learner Permits Last checked: August 5, 2026

Study guidance

How to get more from this tool

Most learner permit drivers cannot drive alone, and provisional drivers may still face night, passenger, highway, and phone restrictions. This checker uses the current permit restrictions data set, then points to the official licensing source for final verification.

01

Choose your state and permit stage before entering the trip details.

02

Enter the driving situation honestly, including whether a licensed adult is present, whether it is night driving, and how many young non-family passengers are in the vehicle.

03

Read the result and open the official DMV, DPS, BMV, DDS, or SOS source link before relying on an edge-case exception.

What This Checker Covers

This checker focuses on restrictions that most often confuse learner drivers: driving alone, qualified adult supervision, night driving, passenger limits, highway or freeway notes, phone or electronic-device rules, and trip-purpose exceptions such as work, school, medical, or emergency travel.

Why The Answer Is Not Always Yes Or No

Some states use regional, age-specific, permit-holding-period, family, supervisor, or documentation exceptions. When a rule is not safe to simplify, the checker returns Check state rule instead of pretending the answer is certain.

Learner Permit vs Provisional License

A learner permit usually requires a qualified licensed adult while driving. A provisional or intermediate license may allow some unsupervised driving but can add curfews, passenger limits, and phone restrictions. Select the correct stage for a useful answer.

DMV-Day Planning

Restrictions are only one part of being ready. Before a DMV visit, also confirm your documents, fees, appointment requirements, supervised-hour records, and state handbook rules so the trip does not fail because of missing paperwork.

State Coverage

The current data set covers all 50 states, but some states still include check-state-rule outcomes where official wording is too detailed or exception-heavy to compress into a safe yes-or-no answer.

Official Sources Still Matter

US Permit Prep is independent and not a government agency. Rules can change, and local or regional exceptions can matter. Use the result as planning guidance, then verify final driving restrictions with the official state licensing source linked in the result.

Quick Answers

Can I drive alone with a learner permit?

Usually no. Most learner permits require a qualified licensed adult in the vehicle, often seated beside the driver. The exact supervisor age and relationship rules vary by state.

Can I drive at night with a permit?

It depends on the state and permit stage. Some learner permits allow night practice only with supervision, while provisional licenses may restrict driving during set curfew hours.

Can I have passengers with a provisional license?

Many states limit young non-family passengers during the first months of a provisional or intermediate license. Family and adult-supervisor exceptions vary by state.

Can a Texas learner permit driver drive alone?

No. Texas learner-license drivers need a licensed adult at least 21 years old in the front passenger seat. Use the Texas DPS source link in the result for final wording.

Can a California provisional driver drive at night?

California provisional drivers generally have a first-12-month night restriction from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. unless a qualifying exception applies.

Can a Florida learner permit driver drive after dark?

Florida learner-license driving is daylight only for the first 3 months, then allowed until 10 p.m., and the driver still needs the required licensed adult.

What does Check state rule mean?

It means the state rule has an exception, regional condition, age-specific detail, or source wording that should be verified before driving. This is safer than giving a blanket yes or no.

Does this replace official DMV rules?

No. It is an independent planning tool. Always verify final restrictions, exceptions, documents, and penalties with your official state DMV or licensing agency.

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